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n8n-docs/docs/hosting/configuration/environment-variables/database.md

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Database environment variables Set up and configure databases with environment variables for your self-hosted n8n instance. reference
environment variables
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Database environment variables

/// note | File-based configuration You can add _FILE to individual variables to provide their configuration in a separate file. Refer to Keeping sensitive data in separate files for more details. ///

By default, n8n uses SQLite. n8n also supports PostgreSQL. n8n removed support for MySQL and MariaDB in v1.0.

This page outlines environment variables to configure your chosen database for your self-hosted n8n instance.

Variable Type Default Description
DB_TYPE
/_FILE		 Enum string:
sqlite, postgresdb		 sqlite The database to use.
DB_TABLE_PREFIX * - Prefix to use for table names.

PostgreSQL

Variable Type Default Description
DB_POSTGRESDB_DATABASE
/_FILE		 String n8n The name of the PostgreSQL database. Default value is n8n.
DB_POSTGRESDB_HOST
/_FILE		 String localhost The PostgreSQL host. Default value is localhost.
DB_POSTGRESDB_PORT
/_FILE		 Number 5432 The PostgreSQL port. Default value is 5432.
DB_POSTGRESDB_USER
/_FILE		 String root The PostgreSQL user. Default value is root.
DB_POSTGRESDB_PASSWORD
/_FILE		 String - The PostgreSQL password.
DB_POSTGRESDB_SCHEMA
/_FILE		 String public The PostgreSQL schema. Default value is public.
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_CA
/_FILE		 String - The PostgreSQL SSL certificate authority.
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_CERT
/_FILE		 String - The PostgreSQL SSL certificate.
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_KEY
/_FILE		 String - The PostgreSQL SSL key.
DB_POSTGRESDB_SSL_REJECT_UNAUTHORIZED
/_FILE		 Boolean true If n8n should reject unauthorized SSL connections (true) or not (false).

SQLite

Variable Type Default Description
DB_SQLITE_VACUUM_ON_STARTUP Boolean false Runs VACUUM{:target="_blank" .external-link} operation on startup to rebuild the database. Reduces file size and optimizes indexes. This is a long running blocking operation and increases start-up time.